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French Guiana (pronounced or , (フランス語:Guyane française); (:ɡɥijan fʁɑ̃sɛz)), officially called Guiana ((フランス語:Guyane)), is an overseas department and region of France, on the north Atlantic coast of South America. It borders Brazil to the east and south, and Suriname to the west. Its area has a very low population density of only 3 inhabitants per km2, with half of its 250,109 inhabitants in 2013 living in the metropolitan area of Cayenne, its capital. By land area, it is the largest region of France. The area was inhabited by Native Americans until they were joined by Europeans and Africans from the 18th century. Other populations, such as the Hmong, came after the abolition of slavery in 1848. The official language is French, which is joined by other languages, most prominently French Guianese Creole and other creole languages as well as Amerindian languages and Hmong. As a French region, Guiana is inside the European Union, its official currency is the euro. The region is the most prosperous territory in South America with the highest GDP per capita.〔 A large part of Guiana's economy derives from the presence of the Guiana Space Centre, now the European Space Agency's primary launch site near the equator. ==History== (詳細はindigenous people. The French attempted to create a colony there in the 18th century in conjunction with its settlement of some other Caribbean islands. Bill Marshall, Professor of Comparative Cultural Studies at the University of Stirling〔(【引用サイトリンク】 author = University of Stirling )〕 wrote of French Guiana's origins: Its infamous ''Île du Diable'' (Devil's Island) was the site of a small prison facility, part of a larger penal system by the same name, which consisted of prisons on three islands and three larger prisons on the mainland, and which was operated from 1852 to 1953. In addition, in the late nineteenth century, France began requiring forced residencies by prisoners who survived their hard labor.〔("French Guiana" ), ''Encyclopædia Britannica''〕 A Portuguese-British naval squadron took French Guiana for the Portuguese Empire in 1809. It was returned to France with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1814. Though the region was handed back to France, a Portuguese presence remained until 1817. A border dispute with Brazil arose in the late 19th century over a vast area of jungle leading to the short-lived pro-French independent state of Counani in the disputed territory. There was some fighting between settlers. The dispute was resolved largely in favor of Brazil by the arbitration of the Swiss government. The territory of Inini consisted of most of the interior of French Guiana when it was created in 1930. It was abolished in 1946, when French Guiana as a whole became an overseas department of France. During the 1970s, following the French withdrawal from Vietnam in the 1950s, France helped resettle Hmong refugees from Laos to French Guiana. In 1964, French president Charles de Gaulle decided to construct a space-travel base in French Guiana. It was intended to replace the Sahara base in Algeria and stimulate economic growth in French Guiana. The department was considered particularly suitable for the purpose because it is near the equator and has extensive access to the ocean as a buffer zone. The Guiana Space Centre, located a short distance along the coast from Kourou, has grown considerably since the initial launches of the "Véronique" rockets. It is now part of the European space industry and has had commercial success with such launches as the Ariane 4 and Ariane 5. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「French Guiana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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